Windows系统本身并不维护进程间的父子关系,但子进程会记录父进程的PID。在实际开发中,我们经常需要实现子进程随父进程退出的功能。本文将介绍几种成熟的实现方案。
环境准备
首先准备一个简单的子进程程序hello.exe,用于后续测试:
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//hello.cpp
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "hello" << endl<<"please input your age:"<<std::flush;
int a;
cin >> a;
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
return 0;
}
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方案一:标准输入输出重定向
场景1:父进程为控制台程序
创建parent.exe:
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#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "from parent" << endl;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAttr;
secAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
secAttr.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
PROCESS_INFORMATION ps = { 0 };
STARTUPINFO sInfo = { 0 };
sInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
BOOL success = CreateProcess("hello.exe",
nullptr,
nullptr,
nullptr,
FALSE,
0, // 共享父进程控制台
nullptr,
nullptr,
&sInfo,
&ps);
if (!success)
{
cerr << "CreateProcess failed:" << GetLastError() << endl;
return 1;
}
WaitForSingleObject(ps.hProcess, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(ps.hProcess);
CloseHandle(ps.hThread);
return 0;
}
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场景2:父进程为GUI程序
创建parent_gui.exe(WPF实现):
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using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows;
namespace parent_gui
{
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.Loaded += MainWindow_Loaded;
}
Process process;
private void MainWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var ps = new ProcessStartInfo()
{
FileName = "hello.exe",
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
RedirectStandardError = true,
RedirectStandardInput = true,
CreateNoWindow = true,
};
process = new Process();
process.StartInfo = ps;
process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
process.OutputDataReceived += Process_OutputDataReceived;
process.ErrorDataReceived += Process_ErrorDataReceived;
process.Start();
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.BeginErrorReadLine();
}
string str;
private void Process_ErrorDataReceived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
str +="[error:]"+ e.Data?.ToString()+"\n";
Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke(() =>
{
this.Text.Text = str;
});
}
private void Process_OutputDataReceived(object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
str +="[info:]"+ e.Data?.ToString()+"\n";
Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke(() =>
{
this.Text.Text = str;
});
}
private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 向子进程标准输入写入数据
process.StandardInput.WriteLine(250);
}
}
}
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注意:C++的cout带有缓冲区,需要使用std::endl
或std::flush
显式刷新缓冲区才能看到多行输出。
实现原理:通过将子进程的标准输入输出句柄重定向到父进程,当父进程退出时,系统会自动终止子进程。
方案二:使用Job对象关联进程
Windows系统提供了Job对象机制,可以将父进程和子进程关联到同一个Job中,实现进程组的统一管理。
继续使用hello.exe作为子进程,父进程实现如下:
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#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "from parent" << endl;
HANDLE hJob=CreateJobObject(NULL, NULL);
if (hJob == NULL)
{
cerr << "failed to create job" << endl;
return -1;
}
// 设置Job属性:当所有句柄关闭时终止所有关联进程
JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION jobInfo = { 0 };
jobInfo.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE;
if (!SetInformationJobObject(hJob, JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation, &jobInfo,sizeof(jobInfo)))
{
cerr << "failed to set jobobject information:" << GetLastError() << endl;
return 1;
}
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAttr;
secAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
secAttr.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
PROCESS_INFORMATION ps = { 0 };
STARTUPINFO sInfo = { 0 };
sInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
BOOL success = CreateProcess("hello.exe",
nullptr,
nullptr,
nullptr,
FALSE,
CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
nullptr,
nullptr,
&sInfo,
&ps);
if (!success)
{
cerr << "CreateProcess failed:" << GetLastError() << endl;
return 1;
}
// 将子进程分配给Job对象
if (!AssignProcessToJobObject(hJob, ps.hProcess))
{
cerr << "Failed to assign process to job:" << GetLastError() << endl;
CloseHandle(ps.hProcess);
CloseHandle(ps.hThread);
return 1;
}
WaitForSingleObject(ps.hProcess, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(ps.hProcess);
CloseHandle(ps.hThread);
return 0;
}
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补充说明:如需C#版本的Job实现,可参考StackOverflow上的这个讨论。
方案三:发送Ctrl_C信号来优雅退出
在终端启动后端代码,经常能看到输出:Press Ctrl+C to stop的字样,我们也可以利用这种方式来终止一个进程。Pycharm中也是用了这种方式来终止进程的,安装Pycharm之后,用Everything来搜索Ctrlc就能看到,PyCharm的安装包自带了一个发送Ctrl_C信号的程序。命令行启动该程序 把需要终止的进程Pid传给程序,就可以做到终止这个进程。
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sendctrlc.x64.B02191CB70385B094C410A8C27775ABA.exe 123
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注意:部分程序可能会对Ctrl_C信号做了拦截,这种情况下发送Ctrl_C可能无法终止该进程。可以加一个兜底的逻辑,如果Ctrl_C没有生效的情况下,可以补一刀强杀逻辑。
发送信号的方式有一个好处是,程序不会立刻退出,他又机会执行一些善后逻辑。比如,Python程序中注册的atexit的钩子函数都有机会执行完。